Keretse niba uri blog isanzwe yita kubana cyangwa umusomyi wingingo, rwose ntuzi amateka yiterambere rya parike yimyidagaduro kwisi.
Muyandi magambo, ugomba gushyigikira ingamba zumutekano nko kugabanya imiterere yibikoresho, gushyira imisego yo gupfunyika, no kugabanya amahirwe y’abana bagwa ahantu hirengeye muri parike yimyidagaduro.Ariko, abantu bamwe bahangayikishijwe nuko parike yimyidagaduro itekanye izatuma abana bumva barambiwe.
Izi mpaka ku mutekano n'ingaruka zazo zisa nkizifite akamaro kanini kugendana nibihe, ariko mubyukuri, nta mpaka nshya.Kuberako ibyo bibazo byaganiriweho byibuze ikinyejana, reka turebe amateka yiterambere rya parike yimyidagaduro hamwe nibi bibazo.
1859: Parike Amusement Park i Manchester, mu Bwongereza
Igitekerezo cyo kureka abana bakiteza imbere mubushobozi bwabo bwo gutekereza no gutekereza binyuze mumikino yo gukiniraho byaturutse kumikino ikinirwa mumashuri yisumbuye yo mubudage.Ariko, mubyukuri, ikibuga cya mbere cyakiniraga abantu bose kandi ku buntu ni muri parike i Manchester, mu Bwongereza mu 1859. Uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, ikibuga cy’imikino cyafatwaga nk’ikigo rusange kandi gitangira kubakwa mu bindi bihugu ku isi. .
1887: Parike ya mbere yo kwidagadura muri Amerika - Parike yo kwinezeza ya Golden Gate Park i San Francisco
Muri kiriya gihe, iyi yari intambwe yambere muri Amerika.Parike zo kwidagadura zirimo kuzunguruka, kunyerera, ndetse n'amagare y'ihene (asa n'amagare y'inka; amakarito y'ihene).Icyamamare kandi cyamamaye cyane ni umunezero wo kuzenguruka, byose byubatswe na "Doric pole" (iyi munezero yo kuzenguruka yasimbujwe no kwishimisha mu giti mu 1912).Ibyishimo byo kuzenguruka byari bizwi cyane ku buryo imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye i New York mu 1939 ryagenze neza cyane.
1898: Parike yimyidagaduro yo gukiza ubugingo
John Dewey (umuhanga mu bya filozofiya uzwi cyane muri Amerika, umurezi akaba na psychologue) yagize ati: Gukina ni ngombwa ku bana nk'akazi.Amashyirahamwe nka Outdoor Recreation League yizera ko abana bo mubice bikennye nabo bashobora kwinjira mukibuga.Batanze amashusho n'amashusho mu turere dukennye, ndetse bohereza abanyamwuga kuyobora abana uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikoresho by'imyidagaduro neza.Reka abana bakennye bishimishe gukina, kandi ubafashe gukura no kwiteza imbere mubuzima bwiza.
1903: Guverinoma yubatse parike yo kwidagadura
Umujyi wa New York wubatse parike yambere yimyidagaduro ya komini - Seward Park Amusement Park, ifite ibikoresho byo kunyerera hamwe n’umucanga nibindi bikoresho byimyidagaduro.
1907: Parike yo kwidagadura yagiye mu gihugu hose (USA)
Mu ijambo rye, Perezida Theodore Roosevelt yashimangiye akamaro ko gukinira abana:
Imihanda yo mumujyi ntishobora guhaza ibyo abana bakeneye.Kubera gufungura umuhanda, imikino myinshi ishimishije izarenga ku mategeko n'amabwiriza.Byongeye kandi, icyi gishyushye hamwe nimijyi myinshi ikora ni ahantu abantu bashobora kwiga gukora ibyaha.Inyuma yumuryango usanga ahanini ari imitako ishushanya, ishobora guhaza gusa abana bato bakeneye.Abana bakuze bifuza gukina imikino ishimishije kandi idasanzwe, kandi iyi mikino ikenera ahantu runaka - parike zo kwidagadura.Kuberako imikino ari ingenzi kubana nkishuri, ibibuga byimikino bigomba gukundwa nkishuri, kugirango buri mwana abone amahirwe yo kubikinamo.
1912: Intangiriro yikibazo cyumutekano wikibuga
New York niwo mujyi wa mbere washyize imbere kubaka parike zo kwidagadura no kugenzura imikorere ya parike zo kwidagadura.Muri kiriya gihe, mu mujyi wa New York hari parike zidagadura zigera kuri 40, cyane cyane i Manhattan na Brooklyn (Manhattan yari ifite 30).Izi pariki zo kwidagadura zifite amashusho, kureba, kuzunguruka, guhagarara kwa basketball, nibindi, bishobora gukinishwa nabakuze nabana.Muri kiriya gihe, nta mfashanyigisho yari ifite ku bijyanye n'umutekano wa parike yo kwidagadura.
McDonald's mu myaka ya za 1960: parike yimyidagaduro
Mu myaka ya za 1960, ikibuga cy’imikino cy’abana cyabaye umushinga w’ishoramari uzwi cyane.Ikibuga cyo gukiniramo ntigishobora kubona amafaranga gusa, ahubwo gishobora no gutwara inganda zikikije.Abantu benshi kandi bashinja McDonald kuko yafunguye parike nyinshi zo kwidagadura muri resitora zayo (hafi 8000 guhera 2012), zishobora gutuma abana babizizira.
1965: Iherezo ryikibuga cyerekanwe
Indi pariki yo kwidagadura ifite igishushanyo cyihariye yakubiswe - Umujyi wa New York wanze ko pariki ya Adele Levy Memorial Amusement Park yateguwe na Isamu Noguchi na Louis Kahn.
Pariki ya Adele Levy Urwibutso rwimyidagaduro muri Riverside Park, Umujyi wa New York, nabwo ni igice cya nyuma cyakozwe mu kibuga cy’imikino cyateguwe na Noguchi, cyarangiye hamwe na Louis Kahn.Isura yayo yatumye abantu bongera gutekereza kumiterere yikibuga.Igishushanyo cyacyo kibereye abana b'ingeri zose, kandi cyuzuyemo ikirere cyubuhanzi: cyiza kandi cyiza, ariko ikibabaje nuko kitagerwaho.
1980: 1980: imanza rusange nubuyobozi bwa leta
Mu myaka ya za 1980, kubera ko ababyeyi n'abana bakunze kugira impanuka mu kibuga, imanza zarakomeje.Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, umusaruro w’inganda ugomba kubahiriza igitabo cy’umutekano rusange w’imyidagaduro rusange (igitabo cya mbere cy’igitabo cyatanzwe mu 1981) cyashyizweho na komisiyo ishinzwe kurengera ibicuruzwa by’umuguzi.Igice cya "Intangiriro" cy'iki gitabo kigira kiti:
"Ikibuga cyawe gifite umutekano? Buri mwaka, abana barenga 200000 binjira mu cyumba cya ICU kubera impanuka zabereye ku kibuga. Benshi muri bo biterwa no kugwa ahantu hirengeye. Ukoresheje iki gitabo kirashobora kugufasha gusuzuma niba igishushanyo mbonera cy’imikino kandi ibikoresho by'imikino bifite ingaruka zishobora guhungabanya umutekano “
Iki gitabo kirasobanutse neza, nko guhitamo ikibanza cya parike yimyidagaduro, ibikoresho, imiterere, ibisobanuro, nibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa muri parike yimyidagaduro.Nibikorwa byambere byingenzi byifashishwa muguhuza igishushanyo mbonera cya parike.
Mu 2000, leta enye: Californiya, Michigan, New Jersey na Texas zemeje itegeko rya "Amusement Park Design", rigamije kureba ko parike zo kwidagadura zifite umutekano.
2005: Parike yo kwidagadura "Nta kwiruka"
Amashuri yo mu ntara ya Broward, muri Floride, yashyize ahagaragara ibyapa "Nta kwiruka" muri parike yimyidagaduro, ibyo bikaba byaratumye abantu batekereza niba parike yimyidagaduro "ifite umutekano muke".
2011: "Ikibuga cya Flash"
I New York, parike yimyidagaduro myinshi cyangwa nkeya igaruka kumwanya wambere.Mbere, abana bakinaga mu mihanda.Guverinoma y’Umujyi wa New York yabonye imiterere nki "flash shop" izwi cyane maze ifungura "flash playground" mu baturage batishoboye: mugihe bibaye ngombwa, funga igice cyumuhanda nka parike yimyidagaduro, ukora ibikorwa bya siporo, hanyuma utegure bimwe abatoza cyangwa abakinnyi kugirango bifatanye nabaturage.
New York yishimiye cyane ibyavuye muri iki cyemezo, nuko bafungura "flash sport 12" mu mpeshyi ya 2011, bashakisha abanyamwuga bamwe bigisha abenegihugu gukora imyitozo yoga, rugby, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-22-2022